Outline the wide diversity in the plant kingdom as exemplified by the structural differences between bryophytes, filicinophytes, coniferophytes and angiospermophytes.
Bryophytes (mosses and liverworts):
No roots, vascular system, or cuticle.
Rhizoids similar to root hairs.
Mosses with simple leaf-like structures.
Liverworts have flattened shape called a thallus.
Filicinophytes (ferns):
Roots, leaves in fronds, and vascular system.
Cuticle on leaves.
Can form small trees but not woody.
Coniferophytes (conifers):
Shrubs to very large trees.
Advanced vascular system.
Woody stems and roots.
Angiospermophytes (flowering plants):
Highly variable in structure-tiny herbaceous to large trees
Roots, stems and leaves.
Advanced vascular system.
Can form woody tissue.

Explain the relationship between the distribution of tissues in the leaves and the function of these tissues.
Vascular tissue-
Continuous throughout the plant and is involved in the transport of materials between the roots and the shoots of the plant.
Dermal tissue-
generally a single layer of tightly packed cells that cover and prtect all young parts of the plant.
most stems secrete a waxy coating, the cuticle, that helps the areial parts of the plant retain water.
root hairs are extensions of the epididymis cells near the tips of the roots.
Ground tissue-
neither dermal nor vascular in dicot stems, its divided into pith internal vascular tissue and cortex external tissue. the function of the ground tissue is photosynthesis, storage, and support.

Outline four adaptations of xerophytes
spines instead of leaves reduce rate of transpiration
thick stems contain high amounts of water storage tissue
thick waxy cuticle
vertical stems - absorbs sunlight late and early in the day but not midday when sun is too hot

Outline two structural adaptations of hydrophytes
Air spaces in leaves create buoyancy
Waxy cuticle on upper surface of leaves